Hepatitis B is a major global health problem. In fact, the disease comes in second place after tobacco as a cause of cancer. In addition, hepatitis B infection is more than HIV, which causes AIDS. In the United States are infected 300,000 humans each year. Almost 5,900 people per year die as a result of the disease: 4,000 from cirrhosis; 1500 from liver cancer; 400 of the rapid development of hepatitis.
The risk of viral hepatitis (b) an estimated 5% in the United States. And the ratio of greater risk for some groups. Most people who get hepatitis B can resist and expelled from the body, but there are an estimated 5-10% of their bodies can not get rid of it and become carriers of the disease may develop when a small percentage of them to cirrhosis of the liver, liver cancer, liver failure, or death . In addition, the disease progresses when 10% of people with almost become chronic and the person becomes a carrier of the virus and is capable of spreading the disease to others. In the United States there are 1.25 million chronically infected human injury, and a large percentage of them do not have symptoms. For the Arab world, there are more than a million people living with the virus in Saudi Arabia alone. Fortunately, it is possible to prevent infection with the virus vaccination to take protective of it and following the methods of prevention.
? What are the symptoms of HIV infection
After HIV infection by 60-120 day symptoms begin to appear. But the symptoms appear only in 50% of infected adults, but for infants and children, the percentage of the onset of symptoms are often less. Some people become very sick after contracting the virus.
The symptoms can include:
Jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes)
Turning to the dark color of urine as a color tea
Turning to the light colored stool
As symptoms of influenza symptoms (loss of appetite, general weakness and fatigue, nausea and vomiting)
Fever, headache, pain in the joints
Skin rash or itching
Pain in the upper right corner of the abdomen
Intolerance for fat food and cigarettes
These symptoms usually do not appear in the majority of patients infected with the virus, but they are more common in those who develop pneumonia they are adults. The only way that it can determine the disease is to analyze the blood for this virus.
?How is the infection
We have viral hepatitis (b) in the blood and other body fluids (such as semen - vaginal discharge - the mother's milk - tears - saliva). And are infection when exposed to these fluids during sexual intercourse, the use of contaminated needles, oral, or through a cut or abrasion in the skin. Able viral hepatitis (b) live on the surface of contaminated material for a month it is possible infection by participating in the use of tools razor or toothbrush. However it is at about 30% of the cases do not know the manner in which the infection.
If we summarize the modes of transmission of the virus from one person to another as follows:
From mother to fetus
Transmission between family members
Transmission through sex and body fluids
Other ways unknown
?Am I at risk of HIV infection
? Have you ever sexual disease
?Have you ever been sexually Xt more than one partner
Have you ever participated in the use of needles (injection) or participated in the abuse of drugs by injection common
?Do you perform dialysis or receive a blood transfusion or blood products
?Do you live with a person infected with the virus
? Have you ever been cupping, tattoo, piercing the ear or nose, or circumcision
? Can you share one of the tools in the razor or toothbrush
? Do you work in the area exposed to the treated blood or other body fluids
If you answered yes to any of the questions you might be at risk of infection of viral hepatitis (b).
?How can I prevent infection with this virus
Make sure you and your family members have received 3 doses of vaccination.
Condom use when sexual intercourse (if you do not have a couple immunity did not receive vaccination and one of them was injured or carrying the virus).
To wear gloves when touching or Tnzivk any blood. In the case of the lack of protective gloves is recommended when cleaning the area with the blood of someone else, use a piece of cloth and a lot of water after making sure that there are no injuries in hands.
Avoid joint use of grooming tools (for example, razors in barber shops), and tooth brushes or earrings that are placed in the nose or ear piercing for ladies and the tools used for this purpose and nail scissors, tools and cupping and tattooing and circumcision.
Avoid participate with others in chewing gum or give the baby food Mamaduga by others.
Be sure to sterilize needles and medical equipment joint-use equipment such as a dentist.
? Does the virus spread (b) through simple transactions
Not transmitted viral hepatitis (b) through simple transactions such as:
Shaking
Kisses that do not carry the normal saliva
Eating food prepared by someone holder of the virus
Visit infected
Playing with a child carrier of the virus
Sneezing or coughing
Eating and drinking from one pot
?What happens after HIV infection
After infection with the immune system to rid the body of the virus when 95% of adults and thus their recovery within a few months it will not be infected again due to the formation of antibodies to the virus, which can be detected by a blood test called anti HP as Anti-HBs. This means that the patient has been cured of the disease will never come back to it again and not a carrier of the virus, which will not transmit the virus to others.
(The result of this analysis, Anti-HBs positive often when a person takes your vaccination viral hepatitis b).
As for about 5% of adults and 25% to 50% of children less than 5 years and 90% of newborns infected with hepatitis viral (b) can not get rid of this virus and become so infected and (or) are carriers of this virus, which can transmitting the virus to other people.
? What is the difference between the carrier of the virus and infected the disease
The carrier of the virus usually does not occur to him any signs or symptoms of the disease and the liver enzymes has to be natural, but it remains infected for many years or perhaps a lifetime and be able to transmit the virus to others. Most carriers of the virus do not suffer from a real problem with viral hepatitis and (b) even though they live in good health, but that few of them are more susceptible than others to chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis and liver tumors. The tumors usually arise in people who have cirrhosis.
To prevent transmission of the virus by carrier of the virus he should not:
The sexual cohabitation only if the other party has immunity or have received the necessary vaccinations against the virus, otherwise, he should commit to wear a condom
Donate blood or plasma or any of its members or others that use the shared razors or toothbrushes or nail clippers
The dip in the swimming pools in case of wounds in the skin
And should the carrier of the virus:
Review a specialist doctor every 6-12 months to work the necessary tests and make sure that the liver is fine
Stay away once and for all alcoholic beverages because of its devastating effect on the liver, especially for holders of this virus
Not to use drugs only after consulting your doctor and under his supervision, and because many of the drugs that may affect the liver
Eating healthy, balanced diet and exercise attendance
Examination of family members and non-vaccination for HIV-positive and who do not have immunity
Take care of the infection of the liver (d)
The patient is infected with the virus of the disease a chronic injury which can not get rid of it in six months with a rise in liver enzymes. Chronic infection is confirmed by taking a sample of the liver and examine activity of the virus in the blood HBe-Ag and HBV-DNA, or the so-called analysis of the PCR. This means that the virus attacks the cells and if this continues, chronic inflammation active for a long time, it is possible the appearance of fibrous tissue in the liver and this is what is called cirrhosis. And fibrosis leads to:
To the roughness of the liver and swelling
Pressure on the veins, thereby hindering the flow of the blood and then pressure rises portal vein leading to the emergence of varices in the esophagus, stomach, and sometimes that may explode, causing bleeding appears in the form of vomiting, bloody or turning stool color to black and may lead to the appearance of ascites and exposure to the occurrence of ill brain and hepatic coma
Greater susceptibility to the emergence of liver tumors.
?Is there a cure for viral hepatitis B
There is medication called interferon and interferon, which proved to be effective in controlling the disease in about 30% of patients. There are also some other drugs which are proven effective, such as medication newly Lamuvidine to Amoviden. Research is still ongoing to find other drugs highly effective and less complications. It was now the adoption of new real estate developer-derived interferon It Big - peginterferon alfa interferon and the results are considered very encouraging indeed.
? (What about the pregnancy if the mother is infected or carriers of the virus b)
More than 90% of pregnant women with HIV transmit the infection to their babies at birth, and that pregnant women should be tested hepatitis B during pregnancy to find out whether they are infected or not, and it is necessary to vaccinate all children immediately after birth to protect them from the disease and to provide them with immunity lasts with them for a long time, the program of compulsory vaccination against the virus
of all births shielding them the evil of HIV infection is effective in the range of 95%.
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